The value and relevance of this university textbook are found in the "strong" proposal of a philosophical science of nature. Among a varied panorama of epistemological approaches, often contradictory, the Author favors, as the ultimate interpretative approach, the centrality of man-nature within nature, on whose parts and systems she focuses the attention of the reader, with didactic care. The presence of Excursus on scientific, often cutting-edges issues enriches the reader's knowledge of the framework of contemporary reflection on this science of "smaller things" as of "great" ones. Excursus on Science and Faith Emergence Complexity Holism Ecology Technique and technology Matter, antimatter, dark matter The species Evolution and evolutionisms Male and female Gender Neurosciences Quantum mechanics Determinism and indetermination Euclidean geometry and non-Euclidian geometries The reality of numbers and figures Analog and digital Relativity Infinity Philosophy of the creature and theology of nature The cosmological and anthropic principles Disorder and entropy Creation, Big bang, design Strings, superstrings and brane.