In an era defined by great power competition, regional instability, and shifting alliances, Europe faces a crucial question: can it act strategically on its own? This volume offers an in-depth examination of the evolving concept of European strategic autonomy, unpacking its ambitions, constraints, and prospects. Bringing together leading scholars and practitioners, the book explores both the political and material dimensions of autonomy, comparing national approaches from Italy, France, Germany, and the Baltic states, while assessing the roles of NATO, the United States, and the European Union. It delves into defence capabilities, industrial and technological sovereignty, and the geopolitical pressures reshaping Europe's security agenda. Rigorous yet accessible, the volume provides essential analytical tools for understanding Europe's strategic dilemmas at a moment of profound global change. It is a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and professionals in security and international affairs.