The study, published in 2022, explores Italy's stance on the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) and the potential for legal action against hosting US nuclear weapons on the national soil. Despite opposition from NATO and Italian governments, the study argues that the presence of nuclear weapons violates both Italian and international law, particularly the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Noting the challenges of pursuing such cases at the international level due to the political limitations of international courts like the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC), the legal opinion examines possible domestic legal actions to address this situation. In particular, it proposes three legal routes: criminal, civil, and administrative. In October 2023, a complaint was filed and registered to the Public Prosecutor's Office in Rome, calling for an investigation into the legality of nuclear weapons and their removal. The petition, supported by over 650 endorsements, urges the government to sign the TPNW, remove nuclear weapons, and prevent Italy's complicity in nuclear warfare, emphasizing ethical and legal concerns.