The Mediterranean in a changing world: A retrospective and prospective analysis of Agri-food and Environmental Policies in the South-East Mediterranean Countries Multiple global crises have highlighted the fragility and the volatility of global food systems, particularly evident during shocking and extreme weather events, combined with the remnants of the COVID-19 pandemic and the current exacerbation of the conflicts around the Mediterranean area. Food production, smallholder farmers, fishing communities and other businesses/producers at local and national level are increasingly vulnerable and are the first to suffer the negative effects of climate change (water stress, salinization, desertification...), environmental pollutions, unsustainable practises and rising costs of inputs (energy, fertilizers and improved seeds...); at the same time, global food systems contribute up to a third of greenhouse gas emissions, induce up to 80% of biodiversity loss and utilize up to 70% of the available freshwater resources.