In brief handwritten notes with the telling title I miei conti col marxismo, perhaps intended as a preface to Socialismo liberale, Carlo Rosselli explicitly defined himself as «a young socialist of a new and dangerous kind». Rosselli's socialism was based on freedom and democracy, which saw democratic institutions not as a Marxist superstructure serving the interests of a particular class, but as a certain legal and social guarantee of the political rights and freedoms that had been fought for over the last few centuries. Moreover, Rosselli was certainly a threat to fascism, which had him assassinated in France in June 1938, together with his brother Nello; he devoted his whole life to fighting the Mussolini dictatorship. This volume is not intended to be a political biography, but rather to shed light on some of the main links between Carlo Rosselli's theory and action; indeed, it was a close link between thought and action, in the tradition of Mazzini, that marked his political life in the 1920s and 30s.