This Proceedings volume contains 13 papers from the 1st Scaling and Extremes in Water Science workshop which was held at University of Salento in Lecce, Italy, the 29th of June 2022. The workshop was attended by numerous Italian and foreign scientists working in the field of water sciences and in particular as experts in the topics of scaling and multiscaling phenomena. The event was divided into two macro areas concerning the sciences of hydraulics and hydrology, respectively. The same subdivision has remai- ned true in the writing of this volume, with the general prologues presented in the intro- duction to the study day being included in the same order of grouping. Specifically, this volume, in the first part, covers the topics of scaling in the field of hydraulics measure- ments and transport processes in the river, hydrodynamic-coastal and groundwater areas. Processes that are also studied and analysed experimentally, at laboratory and mesoscale scales. In the second part, contributions of hydrological nature and with particular reference to field and extreme phenomena within the Italian national panorama were collected. Water science, in the declination of direct and indirect scaling of hydraulics and hydro- logical measurements, plays a fundamentally important role in the understanding of life cycles for humans and their interaction with nature. The collection of these papers is intended as a small contribution in this sense. The new paradigm (metanoia, in Greek) presented here is the possibility of a direct approach to hydraulics and hydrological scaling measurements without bypassing the theoretical and analytical legacy of the theory of complexity and chaos that has been in vogue for more than 40 years, of which Benoit B. Mandelbrot is still recognised as the inspirational father. This interesting development has been possible thanks to the latest efforts over the last decade or so in terms of hydraulics, hydrodynamic and hydrological measurements, supported by relevant numerical developments. We wish the reader an enjoyable and stimulating read.