Big Data has strongly influenced official statistics representing a significant innovation offering a range of opportunities, challenges and risks for the work of national statistical institutions. Their fields of application are very important and multiple. From these data emerge decisive behavioral aspects for companies, according to many strategic directions. The analysis of data at the government and institutional level is a fundamental enabling factor of the smart city paradigm, which is based on a system of interconnected and monitored services with an IoT logic. Furthermore, Big Data are fundamental in the diagnostic and forecasting processes of disease risk. This book aims to lay the foundations and train the professional figure of the data scientist, starting from the most basic elements of statistics, a fundamental subject for the explanation of phenomena like this, up to the explanation and use of complex software such as Python.