In Modern History, claiming recognition has been central in asserting the political existence of social actors and has often led to social conflict. Recent events such as the Hong Kong citizens' protest and the Black Lives Matter movement demonstrate the pervasiveness and relevance of this dynamic relation between conflict and recognition. This volume gathers the best contributions to the Student Con ference 2021 - Subjects in Con flict held in Pavia in May 2021. A series of historical cases highlights the paramount role of recognition in developing new political identities and organised social movements. Soldiers, intellectuals, slaves, actors, and hackers are just some of the subjects that animate this non-linear path. This reconstruction considers geographical areas and historical periods that are otherwise distant from each other. The result is a multiplicity of forms and meanings of the struggle for recognition, ranging from the exercise of control over power to the acquisition of material resources. Moreover, recognition emerges a means trough which emerging communities gain political and social representation in the public arena.