The second volume of the TECM series includes fourteen contributions divided into two sections devoted respectively to the eastern and western Mediterranean. The period under examination is represented by the long age that spans the 8th to the 5th century BCE: this period provides an excellent field of study from the perspective of an investigation focused on the key elements of self-perception processes and the claim of belonging, as well as the dynamics of identity construction. As is well known, this phase was marked by important processes of change, by the formation of new communities, and by the maturation of deeper and deeper contacts between cultures, which gradually formed new, lively and multifaceted Mediterranean landscapes.